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The Water Bench — Coffee Water Chemistry Calculator

Coffee Water Chemistry · No. 01

The Water Bench

Hardness and alkalinity are two separate variables, not one blurry "water quality" — this tool doses them independently, using the same mineral salts specialty roasters and cafés use. Get a real recipe, not just a filter recommendation.

Calcium — from calcium chloride
Magnesium — from Epsom salt
Alkalinity — from baking soda
01

Your starting water

Test strips and utility reports usually give you Total Hardness and Alkalinity, both "as CaCO₃." Enter those — the tool splits them into actual calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate.

02

Target profile

SCA is the published reference standard. The other two are heuristic, brewing-community profiles — not official standards — for comparison.

Calcium share of hardness70%
03

Batch & stock solutions

Milligram doses aren't kitchen-measurable, so you pre-dissolve each mineral into a stock solution and dose that by the millilitre instead.

grams of salt dissolved into mL of distilled water (default 5 g / 500 mL — do this separately for each of the three minerals).

How this is calculated

Each salt is chosen to isolate one ion so the three don't chemically interact in unwanted ways. Dose (g) = (target ppm − current ppm) × litres ÷ (active fraction × 1000).

SaltMolar massActive ion fraction
Calcium chloride dihydrate147.02 g/molCa — 27.3%
Epsom salt (MgSO₄·7H₂O)246.47 g/molMg — 9.9%
Baking soda (NaHCO₃)84.01 g/molHCO₃ — 72.6%

Hardness/alkalinity "as CaCO₃" are converted to actual ion ppm using standard equivalent-weight ratios (Ca ×0.4, Mg ×0.243, HCO₃ ×1.219), then split into Ca/Mg by the slider ratio above.

Your recipe

Live, updates as you type

Ca²⁺
— → —
Mg²⁺
— → —
HCO₃⁻
— → —
Calcium chloride stock
0.00 mL/L0.00 mL total
Epsom salt stock
0.00 mL/L0.00 mL total
Baking soda stock
0.00 mL/L0.00 mL total
Enter your water above to see what changes in the cup.
Food-grade reagents only. This adjusts mineral content — it doesn't remove chlorine/chloramine; a carbon filter still handles that separately. Always taste-test before scaling to larger batches, and never exceed roughly 3× the SCA target unless you know what you're doing to your espresso machine's scale buildup.
04

What you'll need

Food-grade only — these are the same three salts used in the calculation above, plus the two tools that make dosing practical at home.

For calcium
Food-grade calcium chloride (CaCl₂·2H₂O)
Look for "food grade" or "USP grade" specifically — the calcium chloride sold as ice-melt or desiccant is not the same purity.
View option →
For magnesium
USP-grade Epsom salt (MgSO₄·7H₂O)
Standard drugstore Epsom salt is usually USP grade already — check the label, no need to buy a speciality "coffee" version.
View option →
For alkalinity
Plain sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
Any pure baking soda works — Arm & Hammer or a generic USP-grade box, no additives.
View option →
For weighing stock
0.01 g precision digital scale
Standard kitchen scales round to 1 g, which is too coarse for a 5 g stock batch — you want milligram resolution here.
View option →
For dosing
Set of oral syringes (1 mL–10 mL)
Far more precise than measuring spoons for the small mL amounts, this calculator outputs.
View option →

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Built for readers who want the actual mechanism, not just "use filtered water." Figures are standard water-chemistry equivalents; brewing outcomes still depend on grind, ratio and time.